LEOS DATABASE

INTERNATIONAL LAW

Treaties

UN 1962 Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space [Registration Convention]
UN 1967 Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies [Outer Space Treaty]
UN 1972 Convention on International Liability for Damage caused by Space Objects [Liability Convention]

Secondary Sources

IADC 2002 Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines [link] [summary]
UNIDROIT 2012 Draft Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters specific to Space Assets [link]
UNOOSA / ITU 2015 Guidance on Space Object Registration and Frequency Management for Small and Very Small Satellites [link]
UN 2020 Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space Scientific and Technical Subcommittee, Revised Draft “Space2030” agenda and implementation plan [link]

EU

EU 1985 Convention Establishing the European Telecommunications Satellite Organization [EUTELSAT] [link]
EU 2018 DIRECTIVE 2018/1972 establishing the European Electronic Communications Code [link]
EU 2021 Starlink EU/UK/EEA Privacy Policy [link]

ITU

ITU 1992 Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union [link]
ITU 2002 Telecommunications Convention [link]
ITU 2019 World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC-19) Final Acts [link] [explanatory note]
ITU 2020 Radio Regulations [link]
ITU 2021 GSR-21 Best Practice Guidelines [link]
ITU 2023 World Radiocommunication Conference, Radio Regulations review [link]

WTO

ESA

ESA 1980 Convention of the European Space Agency and Rules of Procedure of the ESA Council [link]
ESA 2014 Space Debris Mitigation Policy for Agency Projects [link]
ESA 2014 Space Debris Mitigation and Re-entry Safety Regulatory Framework [link]
ISO 2019 ISO 24113: Space debris mitigation requirements [link]

United Kingdom

UK 1986 The Outer Space Act [link]
UK 2015 Deregulation Act [link]
UK 2018 Space Industry Act [link]
UK 2022 OFCOM Space Spectrum Strategy [link]
UK OFCOM Licensing Procedures Manual for Satellite (Non-Geostationary Earth Station) Applications [link]
UK Space Agency resources [link]
UK OFCOM Procedures for the Management of Satellite Filings [link]

United States

US CSR Report: Low Earth Orbit Satellites: Potential to Address the Broadband Digital Divide [link]
US Department of State Guidance on Implementing the "UN Guiding Principles" for Transactions Linked to Foreign Government End-Users for Products or Services with Surveillance Capabilities [link]
US Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices [link]

China

Housen-Couriel, D. (2016) Cybersecurity threats to satellite communications: Towards a typology of state actor responses. 128 Acta Astronautica 409-415 [link]
Larsen, P.B. (2017) Small Satellite Legal Issues. 82 Journal of Air Law and Commerce 275 [link]
Larsen, P.B. (2019) Outer Space: How Shall the World's Governments Establish Order among Competing Interests. 29 Washington International Law Journal 1 [link]
Rivière, A. (2020) The Rise of the LEO: Is There a Need to Create a Distinct Legal Regime for Constellations of Satellites? in: A. Froehlich A. (ed) Legal Aspects Around Satellite Constellations. Studies in Space Policy, vol 19. Springer [link]
Steer, C. (2019) Who Has the Power? A Critical Perspective on Space Governance and New Entrants to the Space Sector’ (2020) 48 Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law [link]
Steer, C. (2020) Why outer Space Matters for National and International Security. Report for the Center for Ethics and the Rule of Law, University of Pennsylvania Law School [link]
von der Dunk, F., International Satellite Law. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Planetary Science [link]
Zelnio, R.J. (2007) Whose jurisdiction over the US commercial satellite industry? Factors affecting international security and competition. 23 Space Policy 221-233 [link]