The situation is more complex than general public opinion believes and should be discussed in at least three particular contexts: historical experiences with Maoist guerrillas in Myanmar, anti-Chinese sentiments, and the problems in managing the cross-border governance in Upper Myanmar. By discussing the aforementioned dimensions, the author explains the complexity of China’s policy towards its southern neighbour, a country ranked as the 22nd most fragile state in the world by the Fragile States Index. Please download the CAA Brief here.